ASTEROIDS :: essays research papers fc

AsteroidsSixty-Five million years ago, 70 percent of animation on Earth died. The most reasonable and possible reason this happened was an angular. An asteroid hit the Earth very hard, and in doing this, dirt and dust from the impact stayed in the air and it blocked out sunlight, thats why the dinosaurs died. An asteroid is a rock from outer space. Asteroids have orbited the Sun along with the planets since the solar system create about 4.6 billion years ago, but its only been 200 years since we first discovered them. Meteorites ar small pieces of asteroids broken mop up on impact with other asteroids. Most meteorites are rusty brown on the outside, have rounded edges from melting as they go through Earths atmosphere, and contain iron. There are 3 different types of meteorites stony, metallic, and stony metallic.92 percents of all asteroids are stone, 6 percent are made of iron and nickel, and the rest are a combination. Some meteorites also contain gold, copper, platinum, and carbon. Scientists get a good idea of what asteroids are made of by studying them through telescopes. They can divide what an asteroid is made of by the color and brightness of the asteroid. A lot of asteroids that we have discovered are very dark and made of stone, but there are shiny ones that are made of nickel and iron. Most big asteroids are ball shaped. Smaller asteroids, which are usually broken off of a larger asteroid, come in a lot of different shapes. All asteroids have craters that form when they bump or crash into other asteroids. The older the asteroid, the much times it has been hit and the more craters it has.Asteroids can be found orbiting the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter this is called the Asteroid belt or Main belt. The asteroid belt has been said to probably contain millions of asteroids that are all different. There are more than 20,000 numbered asteroids. Some times asteroids get knocked off the asteroid belt. As asteroids revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits, Jupiters gravity and getting to close to Mars or another asteroid can change an asteroids path, this could send an asteroid out of the asteroid belt and into space across the orbits of other planets. An example of asteroid orbits changing is Mars moons Phobos and Deimos. These were asteroids that went to close to Mars and got caught in its orbit.

In The Beginning :: essays research papers

In the BeginningThis article talks about the role of galore(postnominal) different types of women in earlier America. It also has the thoughts of men about these women. The area of black slavery is also cover in this article and it touches on who the slaves were in the beginning the blacks came. The different women that are covered are the Indians, then the etiolateds, and finally the African Americans.First, the Indian women were covered. The slopemen as promiscuous thought of the women living with their tribes. They came to this conclusion because they were ceaseed to arrive knowledgeable relations with different men, design polygamy and they noticed that the children had lighter hair than the Indians. This said that the people the women were having energise with were people from other than their tribe. They mentioned that the Indians had more rules about when, where and who they could start out sex with. For example they were not allowed to have sex while they were preg nant, men who were going or coming from war were not allowed to have sex either because they inevitable to keep their minds on the battle. The English were also surprised at the fact that women did all the work and were allowed to dress nicely. Another freedom that women had in their tribes was that they had ownership of their land, houses and their children. As time went by the Americans, French, and the Spanish took the Indian women to be their wives. As far as sex between them went, the English were used to paying for sex and the Indian women were used to trading for it so it worked out pretty well for the two parties. At one point in the 1500s a man named Cartagena captured three-hundred Indians, and two-hundred African Americans and took them to Florida, they figured that this was an attempt to allow the Spanish and the two groups he had captured to become allies.As the first American colony was settled there were few white women in the population. The ones who were there were commonly rich. This was of no fault of their own, they just had rich fathers or they married into money. After some time of being settled in Jamestown the first Christian women was born, the baron realized that the men needed women to reproduce and to keep them sane. This way they would own land there forever because the mothers would have children and they would have children and so forth.In The Beginning essays research papers In the BeginningThis article talks about the role of many different types of women in early America. It also has the thoughts of men about these women. The area of black slavery is also covered in this article and it touches on who the slaves were before the blacks came. The different women that are covered are the Indians, then the whites, and finally the African Americans.First, the Indian women were covered. The Englishmen as promiscuous thought of the women living with their tribes. They came to this conclusion because they were allowed to have sex ual relations with different men, practice polygamy and they noticed that the children had lighter hair than the Indians. This said that the people the women were having sex with were people from other than their tribe. They mentioned that the Indians had more rules about when, where and who they could have sex with. For example they were not allowed to have sex while they were pregnant, men who were going or coming from war were not allowed to have sex either because they needed to keep their minds on the battle. The English were also surprised at the fact that women did all the work and were allowed to dress nicely. Another freedom that women had in their tribes was that they had ownership of their land, houses and their children. As time went by the Americans, French, and the Spanish took the Indian women to be their wives. As far as sex between them went, the English were used to paying for sex and the Indian women were used to trading for it so it worked out pretty well for the two parties. At one point in the 1500s a man named Cartagena captured three-hundred Indians, and two-hundred African Americans and took them to Florida, they figured that this was an attempt to allow the Spanish and the two groups he had captured to become allies.As the first American colony was settled there were few white women in the population. The ones who were there were usually rich. This was of no fault of their own, they just had rich fathers or they married into money. After some time of being settled in Jamestown the first Christian women was born, the King realized that the men needed women to reproduce and to keep them sane. This way they would own land there forever because the mothers would have children and they would have children and so forth.

Victorian Beliefs :: Free Essays Online

Victorian BeliefsIf I am asked whether I would choose to be descended from the short animal of low intelligence and stooping gait who grins and chatters as we pass, or from a man endowed with great ability and a splendid cast who should use these gifts to discredit and crush humble seekers after truth, I hesitate what answer to make. Thomas Henry Huxley, 1860 (Cruse 94)As related by Amy Cruse in The Victorians and Their Reading, these language by Thomas Henry Huxley served as a witty retort to the degrading comments of Darwins foes. When examined closely, however, Huxleys statement can be recognized as a question of paramount importance-- a question that defines the core of the Victorian world. Neatly engraved between the lines of Huxleys reply lies the issue of belief. Huxleys belief in the pursuit of truth is evident, as is his belief regarding those who would hinder such a humble pursuit. Less evident, but nonetheless present, are the echoes of other important Victorian princi ples. As exemplified by Huxleys consult of apes, Darwins belief in The inception of Species was a vitally important aspect of Victorian thought. Traditional concerns, most notably religious conservatism, were inextricably linked to the radical ideals of Victorian science. Interestingly, the dueling beliefs in science and religion were not necessarily diametrically opposed. Instead, both the pursuits of science and religion challenged Victorians to examine their beliefs regarding the natural world, God, and the meaning of their own humanity. I see no good reason why the views given in this volume should shock the religious feelings of anyone, claimed Charles Darwin in reference to The Origin of Species(Hart 1). Despite Darwins protestations of theological benignity, however, many Victorians were indeed shocked by the idea of evolution. Cardinal Manning, speaking for the Roman Catholic populous of England, for instance, denouncedDarwins theory of evolution as a brutal philosophyto wit, there is no God, and the ape is our Adam(Cruse 95). Similarly, Bishop Wilberforce, at an 1860 meeting of the British Association, ridiculed T. H. Huxley about his ancestry (94). In open contempt of The Origin of Species, Wilberforce asked Huxley, whether it was through his grandfather or his grandmother that he claimed descent from a venerable ape?(94). The ideas contained within the covers of The Origin of Species clearly challenged the beliefs of many Victorian Christians. opposed to the protestations of Cardinal Manning and Bishop Wilberforce, however, Darwin viewed the theory of evolution as theologically sound.

The Gun Control Debate Essay -- Gun Control, 2015

I have a very strict gun controller policy if theres a gun around, I want to be in control of it.-- Clint EastwoodGun control has a history dating back to 1791, when the reciprocal ohm Amendment of the Constitution was ratified. However, more recently, the debate over gun control has escalated into a much more public issue to which many citizens can relate. After all, stories nigh incidents involving guns appear frequently today in newspapers and on television or the radio. One could say that the debate started with the passage of the Gun Control Act of 1968, which out(p) ownership of guns by certain groups of the great unwashed and regulated the sale of guns. Since then, two main groups have gradually appeared people who oppose strict federal regulations on guns, and people who favor those federal regulations.The Second Amendment to the Constitution states, a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, sh all not be infringed.1 Because the militia is composed of ordinary citizens that may take up arms when the country needs, all Americans should be constitutionally able to own a gun. This is one of the beliefs that proponents of gun ownership, including the National Rifle Association (NRA), hold. They feel that most peopleexcluding certain groups of people, such as criminals should be able to buy a gun with little trouble and without a waiting period. Also, they think that limiting gun ownership would restrict observant citizens from protecting themselves from criminals and violent crime, and that people need to be able to protect themselves and their families. An article from the National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action truly rep... ....S. Constitution Online.2 More Guns, Less Crime (Again) in 2007. National Rifle Association of America.3 Gun Control. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia.WORKS CITEDAdams, R. J. Gun Control. Awesome Library. 2014. electronic ne twork 30 Apr. 2015..Gun Control. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. nett 30 Apr. 2015..More Guns, Less Crime (Again) in 2007. National Rifle Association of America. 23 Sept.2008. Institute for Legislative Action. Web 30 Apr. 2015..The United States Constitution. U.S. Constitution Online. Web 30 Apr. 2015.Clint Eastwood Quotehttp//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/gun_control.htmlXShIErUHLBztRpl0.99

The Nature of Love Explored in Plato’s Symposium Essay -- Plato Sympos

The Nature of Love Explored in Platos Symposium In classical Greek literature the subject of love is commonly a prominent theme. However, throughout these varied texts the subject of Love becomes a multi-faceted being. From this common occurrence in literature we can assume that this subject had a large impact on periodic spirit. One text that explores the many faces of love in everyday life is Platos Symposium. In this text we hear a number of views on the subject of love and what the true nature of love is. This essay will focus on a speech by Pausanius. Pausaniuss speech concentrates on the goddess Aphrodite. In particular he looks at her two forms, as a promoter of Celestial Love as well as Common Love. This motif of Common Love can be seen in a real life context in the tragedy Hippolytus by Euripides. This brings the philosophical views made by Pausanius into a real-life context. The speech by Pausanius in Platos Symposium divides the goddess Aphrodite into two beings, each responsible for a variant aspect of love. To prove the existence of her double life he cites her creation. There are two versions of the birth of Aphrodite, one coming from Hesiods work, Theogony, where she is borne out of Uranus castrated genitals as they splash into the sea the separate is from Homers work, the Illiad, where she is said to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione. (Notes on Platos Symposium 180e) From these two vastly different creations she takes on two vastly different forms. Pausanius describes one of her forms as Celestial love. This type of love springs out of the Aphrodite created from Uranus genitals. This form is wholly male (Symposium 180c) which inspires men to be a... ... love described by Pausanias as Common love. Throughout the play love is used by Euripides as a key plot detailor and in many ways sets the aftermath of the play. This love was definitely based on a physical attraction between a male and a female, thus making it Common love. The fact that Euripides uses Common love lends credibility to Pausanias philosophical ideas. The appearance of this idea suggests that it had realistic roots. . The events that took place in the play, such as the relationship between Phaedra and Hippolytus, must contract been realistic so a Greek audience would believe the story. Even though Hippolytus is a fictional play the events that take place must pee-pee their roots in realistic events. This allows us to believe that Pausanias philosophical ideal was in fact a real life issue that Athenians dealt with in day-to-day life.

Chinese Immigration to United States Essay -- Immigration

There were many reasons for the Chinese to come to America. Overcrowding, poverty, war, and other catastrophes in mainland China were whole reasons (push) for traveling to America, as well as potent outside influences. The breakthrough of gold was a major pull for Chinese peasants in coming to the West Coast. Americas labor needs were the most important external catalyst for immigration. However, there were very few ways of traveling to the United States. With loans from the Six Companies, Chinese were able to afford fare to America, and they traveled here to work up primarily as gold miners, fishermen, or agricultural workers later settling into laundry services and restaurant work (Tsai, China overseas 12-13).In rewrite to cultivate and develop the vast amount of Western land and resources they had obtained, develop industry, and build a rail system for transportation and communication, and to create a meshwork of communication with China, Americans were searching for labor, people to carry out these tasks. The hard-working nature of Chinese made them natural targets for such laborious tasks, and this helped create a pull for the Chinese willing to travel to America for work (Tsai, China overseas 12).An entrepreneur by the name of Elmer C. Sandmeyer saw transportation companies as a powerful promotional influence. The transportation of Chinese laborers between Hong Kong and San Francisco accompanied by high passenger rates allowed American ship owners to make a nice profit (Tsai, China overseas 12-13). The Six Companies played a large part in this process, as a benevolent organization that was devoted to helping immigrants, the sick and poor, and transfer the bodies of dead persons back to china. Immigrants who were too poor to pay t... ...ing the year 1852 alone, thirty thousand Chinese who embarked at Hong Kong for San Francisco paid $1,300,000 for the voyage. At the beginning of 1856, William Speer calculated that all Chinese in California had pai d a total of $2,329,580 for the trip (Tsai, China overseas 13).Frequently exploited by American capitalists, Chinese laborers were whipped to roll in gold mines, build railroads, and plant crops. Industry boomed in Western America as the Chinese toiled ceaselessly. Free immigration was suggested by the United States in the 1868 Burlingame Treaty because of the need for labor in America and the potential benefits of trading with the Chinese. Labor was cheap, and many forms of fraud and propaganda were employed to bring Chinese laborers to the United States. The discovery of gold was also very beneficial in enticing the Chinese (Tsai, China overseas 13).

Chinese Immigration to United States Essay -- Immigration

There were many reasons for the Chinese to come to America. Overcrowding, poverty, war, and other catastrophes in China were all reasons (push) for traveling to America, as well as effective foreign influences. The discovery of capital was a major pull for Chinese peasants in coming to the West Coast. Americas labor needs were the most important external gas pedal for immigration. However, there were very few ways of traveling to the United States. With loans from the Six Companies, Chinese were able to afford fare to America, and they traveled here to work in the beginning as gold miners, fishermen, or agricultural workers later settling into laundry services and restaurant work (Tsai, China overseas 12-13).In order to cut back and develop the vast amount of Western land and resources they had obtained, develop industry, and build a rail system for conveyance of title and communication, and to create a network of communication with China, Americans were searching for labor, people to carry out these tasks. The hard-working nature of Chinese made them natural targets for such laborious tasks, and this helped create a pull for the Chinese free to travel to America for work (Tsai, China overseas 12).An entrepreneur by the name of Elmer C. Sandmeyer saw transportation companies as a powerful promotional influence. The transportation of Chinese laborers between Hong Kong and San Francisco accompanied by high passenger rates allowed American ship owners to make a nice profit (Tsai, China overseas 12-13). The Six Companies played a large part in this process, as a benevolent organization that was devoted to helping immigrants, the sick and poor, and conveying the bodies of absolutely persons back to china. Immigrants who were too poor to pay t... ...ing the year 1852 alone, thirty thousand Chinese who embarked at Hong Kong for San Francisco paid $1,300,000 for the voyage. At the beginning of 1856, William Speer calculated that all Chinese in California had paid a total of $2,329,580 for the trip (Tsai, China overseas 13).Frequently exploited by American capitalists, Chinese laborers were whipped to dig in gold mines, build railroads, and plant crops. Industry boomed in Western America as the Chinese toiled ceaselessly. Free immigration was suggested by the United States in the 1868 Burlingame accordance because of the need for labor in America and the potential benefits of trading with the Chinese. Labor was cheap, and many forms of fraud and propaganda were employed to bring Chinese laborers to the United States. The discovery of gold was also very beneficial in enticing the Chinese (Tsai, China overseas 13).

Response to The Higher Circles

Mills essay entitled The higher(prenominal) Circles is about the existence and functions of the king elite groups in our society and how they affect, influence, or shape affairs of the society and the world. In a society or a nation, Mills argues that there ar people more influential and respectable than the others and ein truth decision or action they advance holds significant consequences to ordinary workforce.Within American society, major depicted object power now resides in the economic, the political, and the military domains and they occupy the strategic command posts of the social structure which include making decisions on how governments and social sectors operate (Mills). The powerful men who hold these elite positions are very different from the ordinary men for all their decisions, even their failure to make some, all have real effect and repercussions to other sectors of the society.The argument of Mills in his work is supported by facts and proofs of how signifi cant are the higher circles in the society. He discussed how other institutions uniform schools, families, and religion become subordinate to these power elite groups. He emphasized that these men occupy positions in American society from which they can look imbibe upon, so to speak, and by their decisions mightily affect, the everyday worlds of ordinary men and women (Mills).These elite groups dominate major decisions in the society and every action they do make up the structure of social conditions. Mills work is accurate because it laid down facts and comparisons to prove his definition of the role of the power elites. As a whole, C. Wright Mills article was very informative and insightful as it focuses on enlightening readers on the existence that the powerful men that lead the higher circles and it also highlights their different, significant functions to the society.The article gave firm evidences how ordinary people perceive and accept these power elites into their lives. Adequate information about their effect to the different sectors of society also suffice to prove that these men are indeed on the top of the rule. Everything that these powerful elites do have important consequences on how the society will function for the other people. Work Cited Mills, C. Wright. The Higher Circles. The Power Elite. Oxford Press, 1956. Print.

Mattel Responds to Ethical Challenges Essay

Mattel, Inc. is a global leader in designing and manufacturing toys and family increases. Well-known for brands such as Barbie, Fisher-Price, Disney, blistery Wheels, Matchbox, Tyco, loot Patch Kids, and board games, the political party boasts nearly $5.9 billion in yearbook revenue. Headquartered in El Segundo, calcium, with killices across the world, Mattel markets its products in eeryplace 150 nations.It exclusively started in a California garage deceaseshop when Ruth and Elliot Handler and Matt Matson founded Mattel in 1945. The phoner started out making picture frames, but the fo downstairss short accepted the profitability of the toy industry and switched their emphasis to toys. Mattel became a publicly owned company in 1960, with sales exceeding $100 million by 1965. Over the next forty years, Mattel went on to become the worlds largest toy company in terms of revenue.In spite of its all overall success, Mattel has had its percentage of losses over its history. During the mid to late 1990s, Mattel lost millions to declining sales and bad melody acquisitions. In January 1997, JillBarad took over as Mattels CEO. Barads management-style was characterized as unappeasable and her tenure at the helm proved challenging for many employees. While Barad had been successful in building the Barbie brand to $2 billion by the determination of the 20th century, growth slowed in the early 21st. Declining sales at outlets such as victimizes R Us marked the start of whatsoever difficulties for the retailer, responsibilities for which Barad accepted and resigned in 2000.Robert Eckert replaced Barad as CEO. Aiming to turn things around, Eckert sold unprofitable units and thinned hundreds of jobs. In 2000, under Eckert, Mattel was granted the naughtyly sought- later on licensing agreement for products related to the Harry Potter series of books and movies. The company continued to flourish and build its reputation, even earning the Corporate Responsibi lity portray from UNICEF in 2003. Mattel released its first Annual Corporate Responsibility Report the future(a) year. In 2011 Mattel was recognized as one of Fortune powder magazines 100 Best Companies to Work For for the fourth consecutive year.MATTELS CORE PRODUCTSBARBIE AND American GIRLAmong its many lines of popular toy products, Mattel is famous for owning top girls brands. In 1959, Mattel introduced a product that would change its future forever the Barbie doll. One of the founders, Ruth Handler, had notice how her daughter loved playing with paper cutout dolls. She decided to create a doll based on an adult rather than on a baby. Barbie took off to become one of Mattels critical product lines and the number one girls brand in the world. Since her introduction,Mattel has sold more than 1 billion Barbie dolls in over 150 countries. The Barbie line todayThis material was developed by Debbie Thorne, John Fraedrich, O.C. Ferrell, and Jennifer Jackson, with the editorial assi stance of Jennifer Sawayda under the direction of O.C. Ferrell and Linda Ferrell. It is leave aloned for the Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative at the University of New Mexico and is intended for class means discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of administrative, good, or legal decisions by management. Users of this material argon prohibited from claiming this material as their own, emailing it to others, or placing it on the Internet. Please call O.C. Ferrell at 505-277-3468 for more information. (2011) Includes dolls, accessories, Barbie software, and a broad assortment of licensed products such as books, apparel, food, home furnishings, home electronics, and movies.To supplement the Barbie line, in 1998 Mattel acquired a popular lateer type of doll. Mattel inform it would pay $700 million to Pleasant Co. for its high-end American Girl collection. American Girl dolls are sold with books about their lives, which take place during important periods of US history. The American Girls brand includes several book series, accessories, clothing for dolls and girls, and a magazine that ranks in the top ten American childrens magazines.HOT WHEELSHot Wheels roared into the toy world in 1968. More than thirty years later, the brand is hotter than ever and includes high-end collectibles, NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) and Formula One models for adults, high-performance cars, track stacks, and play sets for children of all ages. The brand is connected with racing circuits worldwide. More than 15 million boys aged five to 15 are avid collectors, apiece owning forty-one cars on average. Two Hot Wheels cars are sold every corroboration of every day. The brand began with cars knowing to run on a track and has evolved into a lifestyle brand with licensed Hot Wheels shirts, caps, lunch boxes, backpacks, and more. To jumpher, Hot Wheels and Barbie soften 45 percent of Mattels revenue and 65 percent of its profits.C ABBAGE PATCH KIDSSince the introduction of mass-produced Cabbage Patch Kids in 1982, more than 90 million dolls see been sold worldwide. In 1994, Mattel took over selling these beloved dolls after purchasing production rights from Hasbro. In 1996, Mattel created a new line of Cabbage Patch doll, called Snacktime Kids, which was expected to meet with immense success. The Snacktime Kids had moving mouths that enabled children to feed them plastic snacks. However, the product backfired. The toy had no on/off switch and reports of childrengetting their fingers or hair caught in the dolls mouths surfaced during the 1996 holiday season. Mattel voluntarily pulled the dolls from store shelves by January 1997, and offered consumers a cash refund of $40 on returned dolls. The U.S. Consumer harvesting Safety Commission applauded Mattels handling of the Snacktime Kids situation. Mattel effectively managed a situation that could easily have created bad publicity or a crisis situation. Mattel s topped producing Cabbage Patch Kids in 2000.MATTELS COMMITMENT TO ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYMattels core products and business environment create many good issues. Beca white plague the companys products are intentional primarily for children, it must(prenominal) be sensitive to social concerns about childrens rights. It must also be aware that the international environment often complicates business transactions. Different legal systems and cultural expectations about business can create honorable conflicts. Finally, the use of technology may present ethical dilemmas, especially regarding consumer privacy. Mattel has recognized these potential issues and taken steps to strengthen its commitment to business ethics. The company also purports to take a stand on social responsibility, encouraging its employees and consumers to do the same.PRIVACY AND MARKETING TECHNOLOGYOne issue Mattel has tried to address repeatedly is that of privacy and online technology. Advances in techn ology have created special marketing issues for Mattel. The company recognizes that, because it markets to children, it must communicate with parents regarding its corporate marketing strategy. Mattel has taken steps to inform both children and adults about its philosophy regarding Internet-based marketing tools, such as the Hot Wheels website. This website contains a lengthy online privacy policy, part of which is excerpted belowMattel, Inc. and its family of companies (Mattel) are perpetrate toprotecting your online privacy when visiting a website operated by us. We do not collect and forestall any personal information online from you unless you bid it and you are 13 or older. We also do not collect and keep personal information online from children under the age of 13 without consent of a parent or legal guardian, except in limited circumstances authorized by law and expound in this policy.By assuring parents that their childrens privacy will be respected, Mattel demonstrate s that it takes its responsibility of marketing to children adeptly.EXPECTATIONS OF MATTELS BUSINESS PARTNERSMattel, Inc. is also making a serious commitment to business ethics in its dealings with other industries. In late 1997, the company completed its first full ethics audit of each of its manufacturing sites as well as the facilities of its primary contractors. The audit revealed that the company was not using any child labor or forced labor, a worry plaguing other overseas manufacturers. However, several contractors were found to be in violation of Mattels safety and gracious rights standards and were asked to change their operations or risk losing Mattels business. The company now asks an independent monitoring council audit in manufacturing facilities every three years.In an effort to continue its strong record on human rights and related ethical standards, Mattel instituted a code of conduct entitled Global Manufacturing Principles in 1997. One of these principles requi res all Mattel-owned and contracted manufacturing facilities to favor business partners committed to ethical standards comparable with those of Mattel. Other principles relate to safety, wages, and adherence to local anesthetic anaesthetic laws. Mattels audits and subsequent code of conduct were designed as preventative, not punitive measures. The company is sanctified to creating and encouraging responsible business practices throughout the world.1 Mattel, Inc., Online Privacy Policy,http//www.hotwheels.com/privacy-policy (accessed August 23, 2011).Mattel also claims to be committed to its workforce. As one company consultant noted, Mattel is committed to improving the skill level of workers so that they will experience increased opportunities and productivity. This statement reflects Mattels concern for relationships between and with employees and business partners. The companys code is a signal to potential partners, customers, and other stakeholders that Mattel has made a comm itment to fostering and upholding ethical values.LEGAL AND ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICESMattel prefers to partner with businesses similarly committed to high ethical standards. At a minimum, partners must comply with the local and national laws of the countries in which they operate. In addition, all partners must respect the intellectual property of the company, and support Mattel in the protection of assets such as patents, trademarks, or copyrights. They are also responsible for product safety and quality, protecting the environment, customs, evaluation and monitoring, and compliance.Mattels business partners must have high standards for product safety and quality, adhering to practices that meet Mattels safety and quality standards. In recent years, however, safety standards have been seriously violated, which will be discussed in more detail later. Also, because of the global nature of Mattels business and its history of leadership in this area, the company insists that business p artners strictly adhere to local and international customs laws. Partners must also comply with all import and export regulations. To assist in compliance with standards, Mattel insists that all manufacturing facilities allow the following1 Full access for on-site inspections by Mattel or parties designated by Mattel2 Full access to those records that will enable Mattel to determine compliance with its principles3 An annual statement of compliance with Mattels Global Manufacturing Principles, signed by an officer of the manufacturer or manufacturing facility2With the creation of the Mattel Independent Monitoring Council (MIMCO), Mattel became the first global consumer products company to apply such a system to facilities and core contractors worldwide. The company seeks to maintain an independent monitoring system that provides checks and balances to help ensure that standards are met.If certain aspects of Mattels manufacturing Principles are not being met, Mattel will try to work with them to help them fix their problems. New partners will not be hired unless they meet Mattels standards. If corrective action is advised but not taken, Mattel will terminate its relationship with the partner in question. Overall, Mattel is committed to both business success and ethical standards, and it recognizes that it is part of a continuous improvement process.2 Mattels Commitment to Ethics, e backing Ethics, http//www.e-businessethics.com/mattel9.htm (accessed August 23, 2011).MATTEL CHILDRENS FOUNDATIONMattel takes its social responsibilities very seriously. Through the Mattel Childrens Foundation, naturalized in 1978, the company promotes philanthropy and community involvement among its employees and makes charitable investments to better the lives of children in need. Funding priorities have included building a new Mattel Childrens Hospital at the University of California,Los Angeles (UCLA), sustaining the Mattel Family Learning Program, and promoting giving among Mat tel employees.In November 1998, Mattel donated a multiyear, $25 million gift to the UCLAChildrens Hospital.The gift was meant to support the existing hospital and provide for a new state-of-the-art facility. In honor of Mattels donation, the hospital was renamed Mattel Childrens Hospital at UCLA.The Mattel Family Learning Program utilizes computer learning labs as a way to advance childrens basic skills. Now numbering more than eighty throughout the United States, Hong Kong, Canada, and Mexico, the labs offer software and technology designed to help children with special needs or limited English proficiency.Mattel employees are also encouraged to participate in a wide paradigm of volunteer activities as part of Mattel Volunteers Happy to Help. Employees serving on boards of local nonprofit organizations or helping with ongoing nonprofit programs are eligible to apply for volunteer grants supporting their organizations. Mattel employees contributing to higher education or to nonprof it organizations serving children in need are eligible to have their personal donations matched horse for dollar up to $5,000 annually.INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING PRINCIPLESAs a U.S.-based multinational company owning and operating facilities and contracting worldwide,Mattels Global Manufacturing Principles reflect not only its need to conduct manufacturing responsibly, but to respect the cultural, ethical, and philosophical differences of the countries in which it operates. These Principles set uniform standards across Mattel manufacturers and attempt to benefit both employees and consumers.Mattels Principles cover issues such as wages, work hours, child labor, forced labor, discrimination, freedom of association, and working conditions. Workers must be paid at least minimum wage or a wage that meetslocal industry standards (whichever is greater). No one under the age of 16 or the local age limit (whichever is higher) may be allowed to work for Mattel facilities. Mattel refuses to work with facilities that use forced or prison labor, or to use these types of labor itself. Additionally, Mattel does not tolerate discrimination. The company states that an individual should be hired and employed based on his or her abilitynot on individual characteristics or beliefs. Mattel recognizes all employees rights to choose to associate with organizations or associations without interference. Regarding working conditions, all Mattel facilities and its business partners must provide safe working environments for their employees.ISSUES WITH OVERSEAS MANUFACTURINGDespite Mattels best efforts, not all overseas manufacturers have faithfully adhered to its high standards. Mattel has come under examen over its sale of unsafe products. In September 2007, Mattel inform recalls of toys containing lead paint. The problem surfaced when a European retailer discover lead paint on a toy. An estimated 10 million individual toys produced in China were affected. Mattel quickly stopped production at Lee Der, the company officially producing the recalled toys, after it was discovered that Lee Der had purchased lead-tainted paint to be used on the toys. Mattel blamed the fiasco on the manufacturers desire to save money in the face of increasing prices. In the last three or five years, youve seen labor prices more than double, raw material prices double or triple, CEO Eckert verbalise in an interview, and I commemorate that theres a lot of pressure on guys that are working at the margin to try to save money.The situation began when Early strike Industrial Co., a subcontractor for Mattel owned by Hong Kong toy tycoon Choi Chee Ming, subcontracted the painting of parts of CARS toys to another China-based vendor. The vendor, named Hong Li Da, decided to source paint from a non-authorized third-party providera violation of Mattels requirement to use paint supplied directly by Early Light. The products were found to contain impermissible levels of lead.On August 2, 200 7, it was announced that another of Early Lights subcontractors, Lee Der Industrial Co., used the same lead paint found on Cars products. China immediately suspend the companys export license. Afterward, Mattel pinpointed three paint suppliers working for Lee DerDongxin, Zhongxin, and Mingdai. This paint was used by Lee Der to produce Mattels line of Fisher-Price products. It is said that Lee Der purchased the paint from Mingdai due to an intimate friendship between the two companys owners. On August 11, 2007, Zhang Shuhong, operator of Lee Der, hung himself after compensable his 5,000 staff members.Later that month, Mattel was forced to recall several more toys because of powerful magnets in the toys that could come loose and pose a choking hazard for young children. If more than one magnet is swallowed, the magnets can attract each other inside the childs stomach, causing potentially fatal complications. Over 21 million Mattel toys were recalled in all, and parents filed several lawsuits claiming that these Mattel products harmed their children.At first, Mattel blamed Chinese subcontractors for the huge toys recalls, but the company later accepted a portion of the blame for its troubles, fleck maintaining that Chinese manufacturers were largely at fault. The Chinese view the situation quite differently. As reported by the state-run Xinhua news agency, the spokesman for Chinas General judgeship of Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine said, Mattel should improve its product design and direction over product quality. Chinese original equipment manufacturers were doing the job just as importers requested, and the toys conformed to the U.S. regulations and standards at the time of the production. Mattel also faced criticism from many of its consumers, who believed Mattel was denying culpability by placing much of the blame on China. Mattel was later awarded the 2007 Bad intersection Award by Consumers International.How did this crisis occur under the watch of a company praised for its ethics and high safety standards? Although Mattel had investigated its contractors, it did not audit the entire supply chain, including subcontractors. Theseoversights left room for these violations to occur. Mattel has also moved to enforce a rule that subcontractors cannot hire suppliers two or three tiers down. In a statement, Mattel says it has spent more than 50,000 hours investigating its vendors and interrogation its toys. Mattel also announced a three-point plan. This plan aims to tighten Mattels control of production, discover and prevent the unauthorized use of subcontractors, and test the products itself rather than depending on contractors.THE Chinese GOVERNMENTS REACTIONChinese officials eventually did admit the governments failure to properly protect the public. The Chinese government promised to tighten supervision of exported products, but effective supervision is challenging in such a large country that is so burdened with co rruption. In January 2008, the Chinese government launched a four-month-long nationwide product quality campaign, offering intensive training courses to domestic toy manufacturers to help them brush up on their knowledge of international product standards and safety awareness. As a result of the crackdown, the State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) announced that it had revoked the licenses of more than 600 Chinese toy makers. As of 2008, the State Administration for Commerce and Industry (SACI) released a report claiming that 87.5 percent of Chinas newly manufactured toys met quality requirements. While this represents an improvement, the temptation to cut corners remains strong in a country that uses price, not quality, as its main competitive advantage. Where there is demand, there will be people severe to turn a quick profit.MATTEL VERSUS FORMER EMPLOYEE AND MGAIn 2004, Mattel became embroiled in a bitter intellectual property rights battle with former employee Carter Bryant and MGA Entertainment Inc. over rights to MGAs popular Bratz dolls.Carter Bryant, an on-again/off-again Mattel employee, designed the Bratz dolls and pitched them to MGA. A few months after the pitch, Bryant leftMattel to work at MGA, which began producing Bratz in 2001. In 2002, Mattel launched an investigation into whether Bryant had designed the Bratz dolls eyepatch employed with Mattel. After two years of investigation, Mattel sued Bryant. A year later MGA fired off a suit of its own, claiming that Mattel was creating Barbies with looks similar to those of Bratz in an effort to overstep the competition. Mattel answered by expanding its own suit to include MGA and its CEO, Isaac Larian.For decades, Barbie has reigned supreme on the doll market. However, Bratz dolls have givenBarbie a run for her money. In 2005, four years after the brands debut, Bratz sales were at $2 billion. At the same time, Barbie was suffering from declining sales. In 2008 Barbies gross sales fell by 6 percent. Many analysts believe that Barbie has reached the maturity stage of its product life cycle.Four years after the initial suit was filed, Bryant settled with Mattel under an undisclosed set of terms. In July 2008, a jury deemed MGA and its CEO liable for what it termed intentional interference regarding Bryants contract with Mattel. In August 2008, Mattel received damages in the range of $100 million. Although Mattel first requested damages of $1.8 billion, the company is pleased with the principle behind the victory.In December 2008, Mattel appeared to win another victory when a California judge banned MGA from issuing or selling any more Bratz dolls. However, the tide soon turned on Mattels victory. In July 2010, the Ninth U.S. hitch Court of Appeals threw out the ruling. Eventually, the case came down to whether Mattel owned Bryants ideas under the contract he had with the comapny. In April 2011, a California federal jury rejected Ma ttels claims to ownership. In another blow to Mattel, the jury also ruled that the company had stolen trade secrets from MGA. According to the allegations, Mattel employees used fake business cards to get into MGA showrooms during toy fairs. Mattel was ordered to pay $85 million in liabilities, plus an additional $225 million in damages and legal fees. MGA CEO Isaac Larian hasalso announced that he will file an antitrust case against Mattel. Mattel continues to claim that Bryant violated his contract when he was working for the company.MATTEL LOOKS TOWARD THE FUTURELike all major companies, Mattel has withstand its share of storms. The company has faced a series of difficult and potentially crippling challenges, including the recent verdict against the company in the Bratz lawsuit. During the wave of toy recalls, some analysts suggested that the companys reputation was battered beyond repair. Mattel, however, has refused to go quietly. Although the company admits to poorly handling recent affairs, it is attempting to rectify its mistakes and to prevent future mistakes as well. With the frugal future of the United States uncertain, Mattel may be in for slow growth for some time to come. Mattel is hard at work restoring goodwill and faith in its brands, even as it continues to be plagued with residual distrust over the lead paint scandal and its alleged theft of trade secrets. Reputations are hard win and easily lost, but Mattel appears to be steadfast in its commitment to restoring its reputation.QUESTIONS1. Do manufacturers of products for children have special obligations to consumers and society? If so, what are these responsibilities?2. How effective has Mattel been at encouraging ethical and legal conduct by its manufacturers? What changes and additions would you make to the companys GlobalManufacturing Principles?3. To what extent is Mattel responsible for issues related to its production of toys in China? How might Mattel have avoided these issues? 9S ourcesLisa Bannon and Carlta Vitzhum, One-Toy-Fits-All How Industry Learned to Love the Global Kid, Wall Street Journal, Apr. 30, 2003, http//online.wsj.com.Adam Bryant, Mattel CEO Jill Barad and a Toyshop That Doesnt Forget to Play, New York Times, Oct. 11, 1998. Bill Duryea, Barbie-holics Theyre Devoted to the Doll, St. Petersburg Times, Aug. 7, 1998.Rachel Engers, Mattel Board Members Buy $30 million in Stock Insider Focus, Bloomberg.com, Dec. 22, 2000. Mattel, Inc., Hot Wheels web site, http//www.hotwheels.com.Independent Monitoring Council Completes Audits of Mattel Manufacturing Facilities in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, Mattel, press release, Nov. 15, 2002, www.shareholder.com/mattel/news/20021115-95295.cfm.Investors and Media, Mattel Childrens Foundation, and Mattel Independent Monitoring Council, Mattel, http//www.mattel.com/about_us (all accessed Apr. 30, 2003). Mattel and U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Announce Voluntary Refund Program for Cabbage Patch Kid s Snacktime KidsDolls, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office of information and Public Affairs, Release No. 97-055, Jan. 6, 1997. Mattel, Inc., Launches Global Code of Conduct Intended to Improve Workplace, Workers Standard of Living, Canada NewsWire, Nov. 21,1997.Mattel, Inc., Online Privacy Policy, Mattel http//www.hotwheels.com/policy.asp (accessed Apr. 30, 2003).Marla Matzer, Deals on Hot Wheels, Los Angeles Times, Jul. 22, 1998.Patricia Sellers, The 50 Most decently Women in American Business, Fortune, Oct. 12, 1998. Toymaker Mattel Bans Child Labor, Denver Post, Nov. 21,1998.Michael White, Barbie Will Lose Some Curves When Mattel Modernizes Icon, Detroit News, Nov. 18, 1997.Laura S. Spark, Chinese Product Scares Prompt US Fears. BBC News. July 10 2007, http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6275758.stm (accessed may 8, 2009).Benjamin B. Olshin, China, Culture, and Product Recalls. S2R. August 20, 2007, http//www.s2r.biz/s2rpapers/papers- Chinese_Product.pdf (accessed A pril 5, 2008).Mattel Recalls Batman and One Piece Magnetic Action Figure Sets. CPSC. 14 Aug. 2007, http//service.mattel.com/us/recall/J1944CPSC.pdf. Parker. Magnetic Toy Sets (accessed May 8, 2009).Product Recall. Mattel Consumer Service. 1 Apr. 2008 http//service.mattel.com/us/recall.asp.David Barboza and Louise Story. Toymaking in China, MattelS Way. New York Times. July 26, 2007, http//www.nytimes.com/2007/07/26/business/26toy.html?pagewanted=1&_r=3&hp (accessed May 10, 2009).Shu-Ching Chen, A Blow to Hong Kongs Toy King. Forbes.Com. August 15, 2007, http//www.forbes.com/2007/08/15/mattel-china- choi-face-markets-cx_jc_0815autofacescan01.html (accessed May 10, 2009).David Barboza, Scandal and Suicide in China a Dark Side of Toys. Iht.Com. August 23, 2007, http//www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/23/business/23suicide.php?page=1 (May 10, 2009).The United States Has Not Restricted Imports Under the China Safeguard.United States Government Accountability Office. Sept. 2005, http//www.gao. gov/new.items/d051056.pdf (May 10, 2009).Jack A. Raisner, Using the Ethical EnvironmentParadigm to Teach Business Ethicsthe Case of the Maquiladoras. Journal of Business Ethics. 1997, http//www.springerlink.com/content/nv62636101163v07/fulltext.pdf (May 10, 2008).Mattel awarded $100M in doll lawsuit, USA Today, August 27, 2008, pg. B-1.Nicholas Casey, Mattel Prevails Over MGA in Bratz-Doll Trial, The Wall Street Journal, July 18, 2008, pp. B-18-B-19. Nicholas Casey, Mattel to Get Up to $100 Million in Bratz Case, The Wall Street Journal, August 27, 2008,http//online.wsj.com/article_print/SB121978263398273857.html (accessed 28 Aug. 2008). American Girl, http//www.americangirl.com (accessed 14 Sept. 2008).Barbie, http//www.mattel.com, http//www.mattel.com/our_toys/ot_barb.asp (accessed 14 Sept. 2008). Mattel Annual Report 2008, http//www.shareholder.com/mattel/downloads/2007AR.pdf (accessed 14 Sept. 2008). Mattel History, http//www.mattel.com/about_us/history/default.asp?f=true (acces sed 3 Dec. 2008).Learning from Mattel, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, http//mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pdf/2002-1-0072.pdf (accessed 3 Dec. 2008).Mattel to Sell Learning Company, Direct, 2 Oct. 2000, http//directmag.com/news/marketing_mattel_sell_learning/ (accessed 3 Dec. 2008).Miranda Hitti, 9 Million Mattel Toys Recalled, WebMD, 14 Aug. 2007, http//children.webmd.com/news/20070814/9_million_mattel_toys_recalled, (accessed 3 Dec. 2008).Third toy recall by Mattel in five weeks, Business Standard, 6 Sept. 2006, http//www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=297057, (accessed 3 Dec. 2008).International Bad Product Awards 2007, Consumers International, http//www.consumersinternational.org/Shared_ASP_Files/UploadedFiles/527739D3-1D7B-47AF-B85C-6FD25779149B_InternationalBadProductsAwards-pressbriefing.pdf (accessed 3 Dec. 2008).Gina Keating, MGA still accessing impact of Bratz ruling CEO, Yahoo News, 4 Dec. 2008, http//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20081205/bs_nm/us_mattel_larian_1 (accessed 5 Dec. 2008).Bratz loses battle of the dolls, BBC News, 5 Dec. 2008, http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7767270.stm (accessed 5 Dec. 2008).100 Best Companies to Work For, CNNMoney, http//money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2011/full_list/ (accessed 23, Aug. 2011).Andrea Chang, Mattel must pay MGA $310 million in Bratz case, Los Angeles Times, 5 Aug. 2011, http//articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/05/business/la-fi-mattel-bratz-20110805 (accessed 23 Aug. 2011).Ann Zimmerman, Mattel Loses in Bratz Spat, The Wall Street Journal, 22 April 2011, http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703983704576276984087591872.html (accessed 23 Aug. 2011).Income Statement Mattel Inc. (MAT), Yahoo Finance, http//finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=MAT+Income+Statement&annual (accessed 23 Aug. 2011).

How to Lie with Statistics

A Synopsis of How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell seeing red When most people hear or read a statistic, they quickly have to subside if the numbers listed are valid or invalid. It is usually assumed that the author of the statistic is knowledge fitted in the field to which the statistic pertains. However, on many occasions, the statistic is false, due to the authors wording. Darrell Huffs novel How to Lie with Statistics is a manual that can help individuals catch these lies. The novel allows readers to solve marketing ploys and dismiss certain statistics as faulty.The first chapter focuses on bias. The concur states that all statistics are based on essays, and these samples have bias. This means that no matter what the reader will have a biased opinion. This bias is spawned from the respondents replying dishonesty, the author choosing a sample that gives better results, and the availability of data. Huff uses a survey of readership of two magazines, which had refuting results. This is be generate, due to the readers personal biases, they answered the survey dishonestly.This utilization closes the chapter, teaching readers to always assume that the sample has a bias. The second chapter focuses on averages. It states that there are actually three types of averages mean, median, and mode. Mean is the arithmetic average. Median is the bid given to the midpoint of the date. Finally, mode is the data point that occurs the most often in the data. Thus, the type of average used can alter the results of the statistics. The next chapter explains how sample data is chosen to prove certain results.Many marketing campaigns use this technique. They choose sample sizes that give their wanted results. Huffs solution is that one must(prenominal) determine if the information is a discrete quantity or if a range is involved. The following chapter discusses errors in measurement. It explains two measures for measuring error Probable wrongful conduct and Standard Error. The probable error uses the error in the measuring device used to measure the error in the measurement. The standard error is the standard aside of the sampling distribution of a statistic.Chapter five explains how to manipulate a graph in order to show the results one wants. For example, if one was using a border graph to show a 10% climb, they could remove the unused parts of the graph to make their results seem more extreme. The next chapter discusses how two-dimensional images can cheat on readers. A picture may be increased in all dimensions, making it seem much larger than it really is, giving the impression of a greater increase. Chapter seven focuses on the semi-attached figure.Simply put, if one cannot prove what they wish to prove, they can merely prove something else and wherefore give the impression that these two things are the same. Huff uses cold medicine as an example. A pharmacist wants the reader to believe that their medicine cures the cold, but instead the l abel reads that the medicine kills 32, 132 cold germs. The pharmacist then hopes that the reader makes the assumption that because the medicine kills such a high number of germs, then it cures the cold. Huff is therefore teaching not to assume.The following chapter focuses on cause and effect. Huff stresses that readers must learn for when certain data was collected and if the amount of data was adequate for the entirety of the experiment. Chapter nine teachers readers how to statisticulate, meaning how to manipulate readers by using statistics. This chapter is essentially a list of what to look for when determining the validity of a statistic. Huff explains various tricks, such as measuring profit on a cost price and how income calculations mislead by using children of a family as the average.The final chapter instructs readers on how to talk back to a statistic. Huff emphasizes that readers must ask who the author his and how did he come to collect the knowledge listed in the sta tistic. Also, he encourages readers to question if someone changed the subject of the statistic. Finally, he explains that one must be able to understand the data presented, and if it does not make sense, then it is most likely untrue. Overall, Huff assists readers in how to determine if a statistic is valid or invalid. Though the book was published over fifty years ago, these methods are still in use.

My Favorite Leader †Zhou Enlai Essay

AbstractAs is known to us all, chow chow Enlai, as a communist cut offy member, the first premier and overseas minister of the Peoples Republic of mainland China (PRC), has a amply reputation from home and abroad. This paper includes four spark offs in total. It starts with the abbreviated introduction to Zhou Enlai and then pays more attention to the second part about his contri moreoverions. Following is the third part about evaluations from domestic and multinational. The last part comes to the conclusion. Key words Zhou Enlai reputation contributions evaluationsI. IntroductionZhou Enlai was born in Huaian, Jiangsu Province on 5 March 1898, and died in Beijing on January 8, 1976. Zhou, an important member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from its beginnings in 1921, was the first Premier of PRC, serving from October 1949 to January 1976. Though Zhou severed as the Chinese overseas Minister just from 1949 to 1958, he was a master in policy implementation, with infinite capacity for details. His skills and ability of diplomat impressed nation all rundle the globe. He was of great help in consolidating the control of the Communist Partys rise to power, forming foreign policies, and developing the Chinese economy.II. ContributionsTo the liberation of the Chinese people and the macrocosm of a new China As I have menti wizd in the first part, Zhou was born at the end of the 19th century, when China was suffering from internal and external. So, Zhou has dedicated himself to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people since he was young. Between 1920 and 1924, he studied in France and Germany under a work-study program and spread Marxism among Chinese students and workers living there. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1922. During the period of the Great Revolution, he took an active part in the northern Expedition and do important contributions to the overthrow of the reactionary rule of the northern warlords. He was also matchless of the leaders of Nanchang Uprising and one of the founders of the Peoples Army after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927.In 1935, Zhou played an importantrole in backup Mao Zedongs propositions at Zunyi congregation which helped make the Long March of the Red Army a great success. When the Red Army arrived in Northern Shaanxi Province, Zhou, working under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), on behalf of the Communist Party, held talks with Chiang Kai-shek who adopted measures to firstly maintain internal trade protection and then repel foreign invasion, facing the Japanese invasion to Shenyang, China.During the negotiations, Zhou firmly carried out Chairman Maos policy, skillfully compelled Chiang Kai-shek to stop the complaisant war and successfully led to the unaggressive settlement of the Xian Incident, and thus shape upd the formation of anti-Japanese national united front. In the Liberation War of China, he spared no pains to assist Mao Zedong in organizing and commanding the Three Great Campaigns and establishing the new China.To Diplomatic RelationsAfter New China was founded, Premier Zhou also worked as the Foreign Minister for nine years, during which he made painstaking efforts to develop the basic diplomatic policies and form the Foreign Ministry, including formulating rules, systems and diplomatic disciplines. The five-spot Principles of Peaceful Coexistence proposed by Premier Zhou that mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, compare and mutual benefit, and halcyon coexistence remains the most important norm and standard which officials of the Foreign Ministry must abide by nowadays.The Geneva ConferenceIn April 1954, Zhou, unneurotic with the delegation of the Peoples Republic of China, attended the Geneva Conference, which was to settle the ongoing Franco-Vietnamese War. His patience and shrewdness assisted th e major powers involved (the Soviets, French, Americans, and North Vietnamese) to sombrel the agreement ending the conflict, and made it possible that the independence of the three countriesSouth Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia got the international recognition. Meanwhile, on behalf of the Chinese Government, Zhou put forward the five principles of counterinsurgencyful coexistence as the criterion for the relationship amongst countries.The AsianAfrican ConferenceIn 1955, Zhou was a prominent participator in the AsianAfrican Conference held in Indonesia. At the conference, Zhou skillfully maintained the right to possess Taiwan, demanded the approval of the Peoples Republic of China, put forward his stand for peaceful coexistence and against colonialism, advocated go forking common ground while putting aside differences and made it possible that, the conference produced a strong declaration in favor of peace and actively carried out the peaceful coexistence of Chinas foreign policy.T he Sino-American relationsBy the early 1970s, Sino-American relations had begun to improve. In January 1970, the Chinese invited the American ping-pong squad to China, initiating an era of ping-pong diplomacy. In 1971, Zhou met secretly with President Nixons security advisor, Henry Kissinger, who had flown to China to prepare for a meeting between Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong. After these meetings, Zhou successfully let the United States agree to allow the transfer of American money to China, to allow trades between American-owned ships and China (under foreign flags), and to allow Chinese exports into the United States since the Korean War. Whats more, the United States publicly acknowledged that Taiwan was an inalienable part of the Peoples Republic of China.To promote the peoples upbeatDuring the establishment of the new Chinese government, he succeeded in getting support from people from all walks of life, which provided a solid foundation for the construction of the Chinese s ociety and the consolidation of the new China. First foreign minister as he was, Zhou made it possible to create an international environment favorable to Chinas construction and to promote ball peace and human development. In 1954, he proposed the four modernization goal of constructing a modern industry, agriculture, transportation industry and national defense, which promoted the rapid development of the national science and technology. During the Cultural Revolution, he exerted himself to keep order in the critical situation, and made a great effort to save comrades being persecuted or imprisoned. In 1975, on behalf of the Party, he reintroduced his Four Modernizationgiving people the confidence and courage to reconstruct China having been destroyed and confused by the Cultural Revolution,III. EvaluationsFrom domesticAfter his death, one million five hundred thousand people came to see his coffin, and memorials for him were held everywhere. One of the memorial reports devoted to Zhou Enlai wrote He looks to have left nothing for us. Buthe have hundreds millions of children and grandchildren, and all the land of China is grave for him. Qian Xuesen, father of the two bombs, once said, According to what many non-party people said, they had no idea of the communist party of China until they got to know Zhou Enlai and it was because of him that they began to believe in the CCP. The writer Bing Xin expressed her admiration that Premier Zhou Enlai is the first perfect in the hearts of billion people of 20th century.From internationalOn January 8, 1976, it was the exact day of Zhous death, in front of United Nations Headquarters in New York, the United Nations flag down a half-mast. The UN Secretary, who named command Kurt Waldheim, said, In order to mourn Zhou Enlai, the United Nations is to half-mast. There are two reasons for me to make this decision Firstly, China is an ancient civilization with many numberless treasures of gold and silver, but she has no penny of Premier Zhous deposits Secondly, China has a population of one billion and accounts for 1/4 of worlds population, but she has no child of Premier Zhou. The First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy once said In the world I only worship one man, that is, Zhou Enlai. Sihanouk lady Monika also said Zhou Enlai is my only idol To conclude this part, these evaluations not only mirror his incomparable wit diplomatic skills, but also reflect our beloved Premier Zhou noble characteristics admired in the world.IV. ConclusionAs I have mentioned above, Zhou Enlai enjoys a high reputation in China as well as in other countries, because of his incomparable diplomatic skills and devotion to the cause. Zhou devoted himself to his cause, making unremitting efforts to spread Marxism, making contributions to theliberation of the Chinese people and the development of China and sparing no pains to promote the Chinese peoples well-being and the peace of the world.Bibliography1. http//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 2. http//baike.baidu.com/view/1751.3. http//www.baike.com/wiki/4. Gao Wenqian. Zhou Enlai The Last Perfect Revolutionary. NY Public Affairs, 2007. 5. Lee, Chae-jin. Zhou Enlai The Early Years. Stanford, CA Stanford University Press, 1994. 6. Levine, Marilyn. The Found Generation Chinese Communists in Europe during the Twenties. Seattle, WA University of Washington Press, 1993. 7. Wilson, Dick. Zhou Enlai A Biography. New York Viking, 1984 8. Tang Jiaxuan. Tang Jiaxuan Elaborates Zhou Enlais Diplomatic Thinking in Tianjin Nankai Middle School.

Programming Solution Proposal Essay

Computer course of instructions croupe help us solve everyday issues that might seem impossible. Household reckoning is an issue that burdens many Americans. Every individual is in the long run responsible for managing his or her finances. Developing a computer platform that can help individuals manage their budget go forth greatly improve their life quality. The program would have to follow the program cultivation rhythm method model and use the standard approach. Identifying Budget Issues The biggest challenge that many American families argon facing later on the 2008 recession is managing a monthly budget adequately.The fact is that many families increased their debt by borrowing more than their allocated budget. Americans need to learn to live base on how much they earn. Our setoff reaction, when in debt, would be to make up excuses as to why we are in that situation. Some of us give even strain to blame relatives or credit card companies when faced with excessive de bt. It is families, who do not budget properly, that end up losing their homes and vehicles to banks or lenders (msn, 2009). Who is Responsible? The task of managing your budget according to your earnings is a decision and responsibility that is ultimately yours.The first feel to take when budgeting is to acknowledge your debt problem and stop finding justifications for it. The problem can be excessively stressful and it is recommended to seek assistance through friends, family, or even better from an organization that guides people through debt reduction. A non-profit organization, such as the National Foundation for Credit Counseling, will probably be the best option. To start getting a handle of the problem, one must establish a number of how much is owed (msn, 2009). Developing a Program Technology, at present day, is an important tool that can be used to our advantage to solve most any issue.Many families that might be facing budgeting and even foreclosure issues might not be aware that such tools exist. The process of creating a computer program that will help us budget our monthly income can greatly improve our quality of life. Such program must follow the program knowledge cycle and contain the three main components of a computer program input, process, and output (Venit & Drake, 2009). Program Development Cycle The first step of the program development cycle is to analyze the problem. We need to fully understand the problem that needs to be solved. We also need to analyze which training is available to us.The initial information available to us is our monthly net pay, and our monthly economic obligations. We also need to establish our desired output, establishing a budget, and determine how our known information will help us achieve those results. At this point we might also become aware of information that is not included but is necessary in order to identify the problem properly. Such information may include unexpected expenses, depositing money into a savings account, etc. (Venit & Drake, 2009). The next step of the cycle is designing a program to solve the problem.The designing step of the program development cycle will yield a flowchart that will draw how the actual program is executed based on the known variables. The flowchart will include a starting point, inputs, assignments, If conditions, loops, outputs, and an ending point. The evaluation of each step of the program development cycle might yield additional subtasks that might need to be added to the original flowchart. This step also involves writing an algorithm in pseudocodes which will instruct the program on what to do. The last two steps of the cycle involve writing the pseudocode statements in program code.The program code will depend on which computer language is chosen. Finally the program needs to be executed to determine if it runs properly. A re-evaluation of the program might be postulate if the program does not execute properly (Venit & Drake, 2009 ). The goal of the program is to aid the average household to adequately manage a budget. Modular Approach The modular approach that will be taken to create this budgeting program will ensure the creation of the proper program to solve the issue. The approach will first consider the major tasks that need to be accomplished.A module will be created for each task in the program. The tasks can later be upset down into sub-tasks as deemed necessary by the programmer. These sub-tasks will then be assigned sub-modules. The amount of sub-tasks is determined by the complexity of the problem and how many are needed to solve the problem. The purpose of breaking down tasks is to make the program much easier and simpler. The model that is used to break down tasks is called the top-down design (Venit & Drake, 2009). remainder Developing a computer program that can help individuals manage their budget will greatly improve their life quality.

Evaluation of a business code of ethics Essay

Ethical behavior from employees is the foundation for a successful business. Trevino and Nelson define ethical behavior as being, consistent with the principles, norms, and standards of business practice that have been concord upon by society (2007, p. 16, para. 1). A write in encipher of morals is an example of the way a comp some(prenominal) would have employees act an instruction manual for ethical behavior. exclusively possessing a grave of ethics does not guarantee ethical behavior from employees.Therefore, a code of ethics must outline consequences for violations. Employers must enforce the code as well. A code of ethics ensures that, if followed, employees will work diligently with wholeness and expertise, safeguard confidential information, and do so in a master manner.Implementing and maintaining a code of conduct and ethics creates stakeholder confidence in a multinational pecuniary services company. MetLife is one of the largest financial services companies in the sphere as well as the number one life damages company in the United affirms providing services worldwide in the following(a) beas investments, financial planning, banking, and insurance. MetLife was formed as a mutual insurance company in 1864 in the wake of the American Civil contend.The company would insure Civil War veterans against disabilities because of wartime injuries and sickness. After a rough start in the first four years and several reorganizations, the company started to focus primarily on the life insurance industry a move that would establish MetLife as one of the largest companies in the United States. Over the span of 143 years MetLife grew significantly through acquisitions and keep to fork out superior service and support to clients.Most recently MetLife acquired American Life Insurance Company (ALICO), and provides people financial services, life insurance, health insurance, and investments, in the following counties Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea , and Pakistan. This acquisition has given MetLife a dominant spot in the global financial services market make MetLife the largest insurance company in the world. With more than 50,000 employees worldwide, managementaccentuates an ethical corporate culture with a conformity department that goes above any kingdom or federal regulations with unrelenting conformance monitoring. worry also creates a positive working environment free of harassment in any form and develops employees with goals of creating professional relationships that last a lifetime as well as achieving high levels of sales and pay. In addition to MetLifes code of ethics each officers, film directors, and employees are must follow and obey all applicable states and federal laws, company policies, and industry regulations where they hold a license to avoid any perception of impropriety. MetLifes Chief Executive Officer Robert Henrickson states, For one hundred forty years, MetLife has helped individuals and ins titutions build and protect their most valuable assets (MetLife, 2005, p. 2).In accordance with this reputation, MetLife has a code of ethics in place to support these efforts with the core determine integrity and honesty as the foundation of the ethical culture within the company. These core values are vital to the company achieving the MetLife vision to build financial liberty for everyone. The code of ethics at MetLife is a voluntary code of conduct that emphasizes a duty-based ethical system.The foundation for the code is broad and encompasses the following corporate values integrity, expertise, suitability, full disclosure, fair competition, service, brand, confidentiality, professionalism, and reputation. However, a code of ethics does not guarantee ethical behavior. Managers enforce the code of ethics with employees as well as portion out legal or disciplinary action that results from a deviation from the code of ethics.In the financial services industry deviations from co mpliance may result in a producer and manager getting in serious trouble. Trouble can be any function from fines to arbitration hearings and loss of licenses and registration. Therefore, many employees genuinely try to substantiate a living and build a successful career following the code of ethics.This is a result of the organizational culture at MetLife. Employees and managers must consecrate minimum sales number each year and failing to hit target numbers results in termination. Any major deviation from MetLifes code of ethics that results a fine or legal action against the company will have the same end. There is a strong acceptance and bail to the code of ethics.For example during quarterly compliance meetings employees get refresher training on important state and federal tax laws that change often. The effect this has on the organization is a positive one. However, there are exceptions to this as some employees and competitors employees just have bad personal ethics and s how negative attention to the industry for bad business practices.A recent example is the Ponzi scheme committed by Bernard Madoff. In one of the worst periods of scotch uncertainty Madoff defrauded thousands of investors out of billions of dollars and at the same time planted the seeds of consumer mistrust against individuals working in the financial services industry. Management expects employees to do the right thing for clients. The primary focus for employees is to achieve MetLifes vision through fair sales practices, excellent customer service, and making suitable recommendations to clients.Employees must adhere to strict corporate compliance monitoring that goes above state and federal regulations. For example an independent insurance agent, non-MetLife, must complete 16 hours of state mandated continuing development classes each year whereas a MetLife agent must comply with state regulations as well as MetLifes annual continuing education courses. MetLifes courses are inte ntionally more in-depth than the material that the state courses cover and emphasize ethics in all business practices.MetLife is proud of the reputation the company has found in the financial services industry and expects employees to operate their personal business with the highest standards of conduct in all business endeavors (MetLife, 2010, p. 7). Managers also follow the same code of conduct andethics. And can be held accountable for employee violation of the code of ethics. Management must adhere to strict company guidelines and complete many more continuing education classes that cover a variety of topics some that employees take as well as many others that focus on corporate compliance regulations.State and federal laws to abide by so MetLife has its own regulations that cover all states and goes beyond any individual states laws or regulations. Each employee, manager or producer must complete an annual compliance review and demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and practices covered by the code of ethics. Corporate ethics and compliance managers hold quarterly and annual compliance meetings with all employees to discuss industry incidents and violations that cost other companies and producers money, court proceedings, and careers.In the code of ethics there is little space for change to make monitoring employees easier or any individual employee more compliant. In the financial services industry state and federal laws change or are undergo tweaks a little each year. To that end MetLife releases a code of ethics each year that outlines any new practices or changes in the way employees are to do business, always keeping standards consistent with MetLifes vision.In short, a code of ethics is a necessary tool for management in an organization such as MetLife. All directors, managers, and employees are expected to read the code of ethics and refer to it when making critical decisions. The company keeps employees up to date with compliance meetings and maintains a high standard of compliance monitoring and reviews.However, ethical behavior is not guaranteed simply because these systems are in place or available for review. Managers set the example for employees and set the standard for the employees they supervise. Under the duty-based system in place employees are expected to do the right thing for clients. The company hires from within only the best employees into management positions. This ethical system keeps organization simple while maintaining a strong compliance keeps financial transactions ethical and in line withMetLifes vision to build financial freedom for everyone.Referencesmetropolitan Life Insurance Co. (2009). Keeping Our Promises. Retrieved February 6, 2011 from www.metlife.com/assets/investments/products/annuities/CLVA6037-3.pdfMetropolitan Life Insurance Co. (2010). Representative Compliance Manual. How We Do Business. Retrieved February 5, 2011 from https//imetlife.metlife.com/wps/myportal/rpp/content?conte ntId=8ac6c697baa72210VgnVCM1000000ae818acRCRDTrevio, L. K., & Nelson, K. A. (2007). Managing business ethics Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.

Years old female

My learner is a 19 years old female, on her first placement as a first year nursing student. Permission was obtained from her, to use her amaze in making this portfolio. Student nurse non her real name) NC (2008) The code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives, states that,you essential respect peoples right to confidentiality, was a cadet nurse prior to this course. Student F was introduced to me as her class mentor. I have welcomed, orientated her in the ward area as well as introduced her to the members of the staff.POLO packs and pertinent materials was also provided for her earning needs. Student F seemed shy but enthusiastic and well motivated to learn. On her snatch week on he ward she have gained some knowledge and skills. But still feels that she is not yet confident and ready enough to do some procedures, as most of them are bleak to her. I have assessed student As learning style as a reflector type, who impress more cautious approach and likes to think things through before commitment to anything.. Honey and Muffed, 1995) Based on the proficiency on her handbook, we have discussed her learning needs and wants to focus more on harm guard for rank pop patients. The NC requires pr functionice teachers to support learning for several reasons one of which is to provide support and pleader to the student when learning new skills, applying new knowledge and competence to a new context of perpetrate, and act as a resource to the student to facilitate learning and professional growth. NC,2008, p 36) NC Code of superior Conduct (NC,2008) also states that nurses and midwives on the Professional register were able to support students in critically reflecting their stimulate experiences in order to enhance future learning. Identified Learning Outcome Contributes to the appraisal and management of ache for post pop patients. Based on her proficiency book 2. 5. , Demonstrate evidence of a evolution knowledge base, which underpins safe and effective nursing bore.She will demonstrate and develop her skills in the management of scandalise for post pop patients, rationale behind normal breach ameliorate , signs and symptoms of outrage infection. Standard to maintenance learning and assessment in practice (NC,2008), states that ,nurses and midwives who intend to take the role of a mentor must have the ability to select, support and assess a range of learning opportunities in their area of practice for students, undertaking NC approved programs. Knowledge The student will be able to describe normal wound healing. Describe signs and symptoms of wound infection Accurate assessment of the patients wound and surrounding tissue for evaluation of the wound healing process and management regime. Skills The student will be able to demonstrate procedure in changing simple wound dressing for post pop patient. Demonstrate proper handwriting pre and post procedure.Pratt et states that hand hygiene is im portant, it is en of the four standard principles in the national guidelines for preventing infections in hospitals. Will be able to document properly to obtain a clear picture of the wound and the wound healing journey. Able to participate and be involve on patients nonchalant assessment of wound and wound care and health teach inns Attitude Obtain consent prior to the procedure Student will bind privacy and dignity whilst doing confidentiality. Dressing.Maintain To facilitate the learning process and to make learning as active and participative as possible, the learner can be encourage to demonstrate their understanding of concepts,knowledge,skills and attitudes within educational and clinical practice. (Burs and Pullman,carvings, 1 995 and Hughes 2007) Personalized learning, as suggested by Mitchell , et entails collaborative approach to learning combined with rigorous use of assessment information to set target for achievement, found on an understanding of a students current skills and capacity.Learnt Eng Opportunities Observation -? fortune to observe staff performing proper wound dressing. Observational learning occurs when an individual learns meeting by observing another person doing it, it is learning by Leaflets/Posters providing the student leaflets, handouts, pictures, available on the ward. Hunching (2009) emphasized that a visual learning style means , it is what can be seen that enables and enhances learning. Participation participate in daily wound care and be involve in health teachings.Actively participating in the learning operation can greatly enhance a students capacity to retain knowledge and ideas. (Hunching,2009) Teaching and Learning Strategies intro showing the student proper dressing Of wound, using septic technique. A demonstration can be defined as a visualized explanation of facts, concepts and procedures. (Quinn,2000) Demonstrating a psychosomatic skill is often regarded as the method whereby learners acquire knowledge of how to perform. ( Jarvis and Gibson, 1 997) Skills for practice explaining to the student wound dressing whilst it is being done.Inquiry based learning encourage the student to ask questions and be self- directed. Information given about resources which can sustain in the specific practice settings. Coaching supporting and supervising student urine the actual practice of psychosomatic skills. The availability of learning resources in the ward such as access to the internet, literature from relevant journals, books and access to patients notes also helps the student to increase their understanding of patients needs.A designated area of study is also provided that allows the student and the mentor to discuss specific tasks and the students progress. Assessment Methods Observation of Practice -? observing student on performing wound care. The NC,(2008) requires most assessment of competence should be undertaken wrought direct observation in practice. Questioning animadversion student will record/document her assessment of the patient. Tests moony of the staff feedback from members of staff which are bewilder and witnessed the actual procedure when performed by the student.

Children’s literature

literary works is (a) imaginative or creative writing (b) distinguish writing, with orphic sublime, noble feelings. It includes oral tradition passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth (e. g. proverbs, myths, legends, epic, folk song, etc. ). Literature, as defined by the oxford, etc. , measured as works of art (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography) contrasted with skilful books and journalism (2) all the writing of a country (French lit. ) or a period (18th Century slope Lit. ) (3) printed material describing or advertising e. g. pamphlets (4) books dealing with special subjects, travel, poultry farming.Literature is an art expressing beauty through the metier of language a recreation through language of human situation and welcomes, the orchestration of the manifold only when elemental experiences of man blended into harmonious and desired patterns of expressions and a faithful reproduction of life execute in an artistic pattern (Del Prado). Why Study L iterature? Literature leads to personal fulfilment and schoolman gains.Separating the values into personal and faculty member is an intellectual distinction, since both types benefit the students and argon all proper part of a students schooling. The distinction is useful, however, since teachers and librarians must often justify the benefits of belles-lettres in the schoolroom and find the academic benefits the most convincing ones for administrators and p atomic number 18nts. Enjoyment The most important personal gain that acceptable books offer to students is the most obvious one-enjoyment.Those of you who read widely as students will never forget the stories that were so tragic that you almost cried out, some were so funny that you laughed out, the poem that was so lifting that you never forgot it, or the conundrum that was so scary that your heart thumped with apprehension. Such positive early experience often leads to a spirit of reading enjoyment. Imagination and Insp iration By seeing the world around them in new ship canal and by considering ways of living other than their induce, students increase their ability to think divergently.Stories often map the divergent paths that our ancestors might have taken or that our descendants might someday take. Through the vicarious experience of entering a different world from the present one, students develop their imaginations. In addition, stories about people, both accredited and imaginary, can inspire students to overcome obstacles, accept different perspectives, and formulate personal goals. The Academic Value of Literature to Student In addition to the personal benefits of literature for yong readers, there are several important academic benefits.Reading Many of you may have reached the common-sense deduction that reading ability, like any other skill, improves with practice. Many teachers and librarians cerebrate that regular involvement with magnificent and appropriate literature can foster l anguage development to progeny people and can help them to learn to read and to value reading. Writing Since people tend to view or adopt what they like of what they read and hear, young people may, by listening to and reading literature, startle to develop their own writing voice, or unique, personal writing style.By listening to and reading excellent literature, children are exposed to rich vocabulary and excellent writing styles, which serve as good models for their own speaking and writing voices. The acquisition of a larger vocabulary through reading offers young writers a better word choice for their own stories. Devices found in books such as the use of dialect, dialogue, and slender descriptions are often assimilated into students own writing. Vicarious ExperienceWhen a story is convincing written that readers feel as though they have live through an experience or have actually been in the orchestrate and time where the story is set, the book have given them a vicarious experience. Experiences such as these are broadening students to stories from many lands and cultures, teachers and libraries are building a solid foundation for multicultural and inter guinea pig understanding. walking in someone elses shoes often help students to develop a greater cogency to empathize with others.Students around the world can benefit from stories that explain what life is, for people who are cut back by handicaps, politics, or circumstances or whose lives are different from theirs because of culture or geography. Likewise, young readers of immediately can relate on a more personal level with the events and people of news report. Heritage Stories that are handed down from one generation to the next connect us to our past, to the roots of our specific cultures, national heritage, and general human condition. Stories are the repositories of culture.Knowing the tales, characters, expression, riddles, lullabies, songs, and adages that are part of our cultural her itage makes us culturally literate. Stories establish on fact help young people to gain a greater appreciation for what history is and for the people, both ordinary and extraordinary who made history. Art Appreciation Illustration in some literature books (Childrens Literature) can be appreciated both for its ability to help tell the story (cognitive value) and for its value as art (aesthetic value).Picture books are profusely illustrated books in which the illustrations are, to varying degrees, essential to the enjoyment and understanding of the story. For this reason, illustrations in picture books are said to be integral to the story. The illustration in picture books provides actual plat or concept information as well as clues to character traits, settings, and moods. Without the illustrations, therefore these books would be diminished, and in some case the story would make no sense or would be nonexistent.

Conventional Books vs E-Book Essay

As ancient times go, theres little that is more old-fashioned, quiet and basic as instructing a book. Or, at least, that utilise to be the case. But with the competitive flood of electronic put downers, or e- hireers, hitting the commercialize as well as e- find outer applications for smartphones, the version experience has been getting a progressively modern sack upover. The stats atomic number 18 in and the fight is on. Overall book sales moderate dropped in 2008 and 2009, check to the Ameri contribute connection of Publishers (AAP). maculation adult hardbacked books actually increased by over 6% in 2009, eBook sales, which tarradiddle for 4% of all book sales, have increased a whopping 176%. Are these figures ordinateing the narrative of the tape as the publishing industry struggles to regain their status as a recession validation industry? Are eBooks on their way to eliminating traditional books altogether? Most of us love to read and nearly of us have our cull ences for the platform we read from. Will you be a traditiona angle of dip and plinth behind the old guard?Bill McCoy, executive director of International Digital Publishing Forum, base in Seattle, Washington, said that while its hard to gauge just how the sale of digital books (e-books) is growing, its clear that the sales, as a percentage of the overall mart, be in the double digits and on a fast-growing vector. virago is saying that theyre selling more e-books than hardcover books. And in many a(prenominal) cases, depending on the title, they might be selling more e-books than carnal books. A relatively new phenomenon is that e-reader, be it Kindle, ipad or a number of a nonher(prenominal) new competitors coming into the marketplace.When we think just about our environment, these devices seem to be more environmentally friendly than our typical typography and cardboard book, even a paperback. There be certain tactile to real book, just feeling the paper, addressing the pages. But on the surfaces, the e-reader would seem to be much greener. E-reader vs. stodgy book is a provocative question. Actually, right now, there are some major problems with conventional book publishing, of which you should be aware, if your goal is to get this community to acquire and then to issue your work.The initial one is distribution th close together(p) bookstores has never been tougher. Most publishers sell to stores on consignment. If books acceptt tent-fly off shelves into the hands of buyers, theyre returned to publishers, very quickly. Your title doesnt get very long movie or time to establish itself. Other than that, books consumptiond to be kept in print and operational for longer periods of time, in many cases, for years. Now, theyre put to death quickly, if initial sales are anything other than brisk. Besides that, we live in an era of the celebrity book.If Oprah wants to write a diet book, it result be a monster hit you know that. But the most excit ing, up and coming, highly credentialed nutritionist whitethorn non have a chance of breaking into print. Next, publishers expect originators to make them profitable through individual(prenominal) promotional efforts. What are you passing play to do to sell this book? is the major question they ask, and agents will tell you, without a personalised commitment to sell your own copies, stated in your book proposal, you wont get a publisher to bite. Otherwise, publishers are clueless, themselves, about what to put out there.Reluctant to lead, and reluctant to bond the success of others, they are alike(p) the proverbial deer in the headlights. It used to be the case that if you valued information on a subject you every went to your library or to your local bookstore. Not anymore. By going to the Internet, you bunghole assemble the equivalent of a book, fast and more or less, for free. Publishers havent figured out how to sell content at a premium, in an environment in which so much of it is available, instantly, for nought. There are alternatives to conventional book publishing, including self-publishing and using media alternatives such as audios and videos.A regular book is better. Not save is it more reliable and you acceptt have to worry about it dying, but there is just something special about feeling the smooth front cover and the rough edges of the thick, coarse pieces of paper that have been read by so many. If you get an e-book you click, download, and read. Theres nothing like the feeling of finishing a in reality effective book. You want to share it with someone You elicitt share an e-book. E-books are really solely good for travel. Most of the muckle refuse e-books either but prefers rendering conventional books.Readers like to read in bed so its easier the conventional way they always examine its easier on the eye to read a conventional book. It seems that our eyeball feel more tired for reading e-book. Reading in the internet rea lly hurts muckles eyes. Anyway, we should protect our eyes. There are people who read both but by far prefer a real book. In the technology era, there are some advantages and bright future for e-book. The commencement ceremony one is from the finding the book from the bookshelf. Depending on how many books readers have, and how organized they are, this mint be a more or less daunting task for traditional books.Some people used to have organized the books by the style of author, type of the books or alphabetically by title. That fell by the wayside the last time they moved. While they arranged it, they are completely random within the way they organized. That may not sound like trouble, but for someone who has a lot of books, for instance, it can make any one book ingenious to find. While searching for a book on the virtual bookshelves within the e-book application is only about easier. Using e-book application, making it easy to find a book by typing the title, by author or b y how frequently people read the book.Secondly is travelling with books. Some people used to travel a lot and it was all they could do to fill the boredom of those long journeys with reading. It meant readers had to bring a lot of books with them, which weighed down their luggage. Travelling with e-books is something that they call heaven. They can close to 200 books and 30 or 40 magazines on their e-book application. The traditional books stack lot of kilograms but then using the e-book just only a few grams. From this side, people more prefer to using e-book rather than conventional books.In many circumstances, reading an e-book is far superior to reading a traditional paper book. Firstly, the portability of e-book. The wonderful thing about electronic text is that it takes up virtually no room, in both a physical and digital sense. If readers have a storage card, they can walk slightly with at least a dozen books, and believably many more than that. Even if they dont have a st orage card, they can salvage walk around with a fair collection of three to six books (again, depending on book coat and available memory). In many situations its hard to carry even one book around with people.The storage abilities of most e-books allow readers to carry a discernmentable collection of reading materials and/or file name extension texts. Because they belike carry their handheld around with them everywhere anyway, the convenience factor increases nearly exponentially. Because e-book is digital, not only are they super-portable, but they also open up the possibility for some really useful features. For starters, since most e-book is in some form of digital text file, readers can search the text for words or phrases. This is helpful when readers want to find a quote or another specific section of the book.This can cut minutes, if not hours, off of wild goose chases for federal agencyicular passages. Additionally, digital formats are assuming assume protection does nt get in the way that can be duplicated forever without decay or any real expense. Well dig deeper into the specifics of this issue later in the series, but if the e-book allows it, this duplication ability can make it possible for people to share books with their friends without ever having to actually give up one of their possessions. This is good for publishers (and hopefully writers as well), who dont have to pay any production costs.This in turn should drive the prices down for the readers. While the digital nature of the e-book in theory raises the effectiveness of e-book, it also brings up a few ideas that are interesting and worth perusing in this series. E-book also easy to be read. The electronic format offers readers even more benefits over traditional paper books. E-book can be read in a variety of lighting situations, and due to the back lighted screens that most palm computers have, people can read an e-book in most low or no light situations, such as on the subway, d uring nighttime road trips, or in bed when they dont want to push their partner.Advantages of conventional books over electronic is resale value. Like music downloads, people will never actually be able to resell electronic books. If they are into collectable books, this is a particularly big problem and they should only use physical titles. Reading ease is also one of the advantages of conventional books. This one is only really a benefit for those that would otherwise read e-book on their computers or phones. If readers buy a commercial e-reader, it will probably use ink technology that will not hurt their eyes with backlight.Never the less, readers dont exact to worry about this problem with a physical book. Other than that, no devices needed. If readers find themselves in a small town without their cell phone or computer, they wont be able to download a new title for your e-book, but they can always stop by a local bookstore and pick up a new paperback. Conventional books have no batteries. While most readers have a good battery life, there will still be times where readers forget to charge it and then cant read at all. Readers will never have this problem with a standard book.No warranties needed when readers choosing conventional books. If their e-reader breaks, they will have nothing to read until they receive a new one. Some devices let them read the titles they have saved on their computer, but its just something readers will never have to worry about with a physical book. Best of all, if a book does get damaged to where people cant read it, they can just go to the bookstore and buy another copy, rather than worrying if it is still covered by the manufacturers warranty. Next is tradition.Lets face it people are never going to get that comforting smell of paper or the weight of a good book in their hands when they read an e-book. And while people can flip ahead in an e-book, readers cant do so in a matter of seconds and flip right back to the page. A mazon latterly announced that its June 2010 Kindle e-book sales nearly doubled its hardcover book sales (180% higher). Many of those e-books were self-published books priced low a dollar however, data indicates e-books may become the dominant long-form format in not also many years.Are low-overhead e-books better for authors or publishers than their print counterparts? Forrester Research says retailers will sell 6. 6 trillion e-readers in 2010. Apple has already sold 3 million iPads, which are capable of reading Amazon Kindle e-books as well as Apples iBooks. At average prices, one would need to buy 15 e-books to offset the $189 price tag of a Kindle, 12 e-books to pay off a $149 Barnes and Noble Nook, and 39 e-books to justify a $499 entry-level iPad (assuming price is the only factor).E-books are up 200% from 2009, according to the Association of American Publishers however, they still only represent 3-5% of total sales for publishers, according to the New York Times. hardcove r books are also up 40% since 2009, indicating that while e-books are undoubtedly a big part of the future of long-form publishing, people will still be turning paper pages for a while. (Sources PrintingChoice, NYTimes) The tactile frolic of worn pages amidst readers fingers is hard to replace. But when it comes to encouraging people to embrace the compose word, e-readers trump their physical counterparts.According to the infographic below, people who own e-book devices say they read more than people who dont, at a rate of 24 books per year to 15. Education, escape, relaxation and entertainment rank as peoples main motivations to plow through books proving that, whether electronically or via dead tree, reading remains a popular pastime. E-readers are also rising in popularity, signaling that it may not be unaccepted to imagine a world without traditional books sometime in the not-so-distant future. From December 2011 to January 2012, e-reader possession nearly doubled, from 10 percent to 19 percent, among American adults.And that stunning surge in just one months time doesnt even account for tablets or other mobile electronic devices people use to read books and long form content. Worldwide, meanwhile, e-reader sales rose by nearly 3 million between 2010 and 2011. Its also interesting to look at the relationship between actual e-book consumption and ownership of a device that enables users to read books electronically. According to one study, 29% of American adults own a personal e-book device, tablets include. But just 21% of adults had actually read an e-book in the past year as of February 2012.Itll be interesting to see if and when experiments on the potential impacts of e-readers on memory and cognition are done, as the market has definitely r separatelyed a point of no return in terms of moving away from printed pages. Stephanie Mantello, sr. public relations manager of the Kindle group at Amazon. com, gave answers that didnt include specifics, but implied great quantities. For instance, when asked how many Kindles the company has sold since the product was first introduced in 2008, Mantello simply said, Millions. Millions of people are reading on Kindle.Kindle is also the best-selling product in the history of Amazon. com. It is the most-wished for on the wish list function account holders have on the companys site. Its given as a gift more ofttimes than any other single product. It has the most 5-star reviews. She did say that between April 1 and May 19, for every 100 print books the company sold, it sold 105 Kindle books. This includes sales of hardcover and paperback books by Amazon where there is no Kindle edition. Free Kindle books are excluded, and, if included, would make the number even higher, said Mantello.The reasons for the slow acceptance of e-books vary but a constant reason given was not being comfortable with reading using personal computers, laptops and palm pilots (Helfer, 2000 Andersen, 2001). Other reas ons included finding it difficult to read on small screens, problems with browser, slow loading time, difficulties in navigating (Gibbon, 2001 Chu, 2003) and preferring to read printed text (Ray and Day, 1998 Holmquist, 1997 Gibbon, 2001). Summerfield and Mandel (1999) indicated that library users at the University of Columbia would use e-book in some depth when they are required to do so by courses they are following.The studies above indicated that the degree of acceptance of e-book is on the rise but the discernment for printed text remained. A high percentage of students indicated that they used e-book because it was available online (64. 2%), provided faster and easy irritate to new titles (45. 7%) and did not require physical visit to the library (40. 7%) (Table 1). Bodomoet als (2003) respondents gave similar answers and his respondents recognized that digital libraries were very convenient since they did not need to go to libraries and could still read and download books o r journals from home.Similarly, Chu (2003) also reported that available around the clock and searchable were valued the most by students at a library and information science schools in the USA. Table 1 Reasons for Using or Not Using e-book Table 1 (b) shows that almost half (45. 6%) of the non-users indicate preference for paper format as a barrier for them from using e-books service. Holmquist (1997) found that the main reason for his respondents non-use of e-journals was their preference to read articles on paper, not on the computer screen.Other non-users have mentioned factors such as little cognition on how to use or access e-books, the print copy is convenient to use, the lack of Internet connection, worry in browsing and reading, having no interest, and perceiving the need for special software to be able to use e-book as being cumbersome. When the non-users were asked whether they would use the e-book in the future, only 30% (38) gave a definite yes while the majority (61%, 76) indicated probably or not sure or probably not (6%, 8 2%, 2).While university students lick in a world immersed in digital text, they have not simultaneously abandoned print. It is not true, as Steve Jobs stated and as Nicholas Carr implied, that they like the iPad because they dont read. In fact, for their university studies, students prefer to read on paper, although they also want the convenience of online digital text. Cull, 2012 There is no doubt that new forms of publishing are becoming increasingly popular across the world.Their benefits are those that the traditionalprinted book could never imagine to surpass, and they fill a gap in a rapidly increasing market of readers dictating portability and mass storage as necessary to the current lifestyle. However, evidence shows that readers are not entirely convinced that e-readers are books of the future. They have not caught on as other recent technology trends have, and the consistent theme of simulating e-readers to resem ble traditional books, indicates that consumers are not prepared to relinquish the time-honored form for this new technology.As such, the chance of books becoming unneeded or obsolete in the near future is improbable. The history of communications media tells us that new media often do not replace old. At most, they redefine the purposes and functions of older media (Cope & Kalantzis 20015). Of more value to consumers then, is a co-existence of the two, amalgamating the benefits of each to accommodate for the needs of all, rendering neither redundant nor obsolete.